This challenge to influential educator Ruby Payne's theories about the impactof class differences andeconomicson teaching and learningputs forwardother factors as better predictors of student performance.Pointing to success stories in schools that serve low-income students, this refutationof Payne's popular teacher-training program asserts thatteacher expectations, time on task, and the principal's leadership are the main factors in determining educational outcomes at a school.Abandoning Payne's framework ofteacher-student income disparities, racial makeup, and per-pupil expenditure, this critical analysisasserts thehuman component as the most powerful tool for improving education in failing schools."